iindaba

Ⅰ. Ulwazi oluSisiseko

I-Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride, ebizwa ngokuba yi-DDAC, enenombolo ye-CAS engu-7173-51-5, sisixhobo sokunyibilikisa i-double-chain ammonium cationic surfactant esisebenza kakuhle kwisizukulwana sesithathu kwaye sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zokubulala iintsholongwane, ukulwa nokugqwala kunye nonyango lwamanzi.

Yahlukile kwiimveliso ze-ammonium ze-quaternary zemveli ze-single-chain, i-DDAC inesakhiwo esizinzileyo se-molecular, iipropati zomzimba nezeekhemikhali ezithambileyo kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kwesicelo, ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwimarike yezinto eziluhlaza zekhemikhali. Kwintengiselwano yemarike eqhelekileyo kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso, iinkcukacha zesiqhelo ze-DDAC yisisombululo samanzi esiqulathe umxholo we-80%. Le DDAC isemgangathweni inezinga eliphezulu lezithako ezisebenzayo, iipropati zekhemikhali ezizinzileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okulula, okunokulungelelanisa ngokuthe ngqo uninzi lweentsholongwane kwimizi-mveliso, unyango lwamanzi kunye neemeko zokulwa nokugqwala, kwaye yeyona nkcazo isetyenziswa kakhulu ye-DDAC. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo nezicociweyo zemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, i-DDAC ixhasa ukuveliswa ngokwezifiso kweenkcukacha ze-50% zomxholo.

IUmxholo we-50% DDACInokunyibilika kwamanzi ngcono kwaye isebenza kakuhle, ifanelekile ekucoceni iintsholongwane kancinci, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo okuncinci, ithintela ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma yezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza okubangelwa kukuxinana okugqithisileyo. Kubushushu begumbi, i-DDAC ibonakala njengolwelo olungenambala ukuya kolutyheli olucacileyo olungenavumba libi, ukunyibilika kwamanzi okugqwesileyo kunye nobomi obude bokugcina. I-DDAC ayiguquguquki kwaye ayiboli phantsi kweemeko zokugcina eziqhelekileyo, ikhuselekile kwaye izinzile.

Ukongeza, i-DDAC ayinazo iintsimbi ezinzima kwaye ayinayo ityhefu eseleyo emva kokusetyenziswa. Iimpawu zayo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi zihambelana ngokupheleleyo neengcamango zophuhliso lwemveliso eluhlaza yehlabathi kunye nokhuseleko olucocekileyo lokusingqongileyo, zibeka isiseko esiqinileyo sokusetyenziswa okukhulu nokusemgangathweni kwe-DDAC kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ⅱ. Imisebenzi Engundoqo

I-DDACIdibanisa imisebenzi emininzi ephambili efana nokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-broad-spectrum, i-bacteriostasis yexesha elide, ukususwa kwe-biofilm, ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokuguqulwa komphezulu, kunye neenzuzo zayo zokusebenza ezinamacala amaninzi zenza i-DDAC ibe yinto eluhlaza esebenzayo enemisebenzi emininzi engenakutshintshwa kwiindawo zoshishino nezoluntu.

Okokuqala, i-DDAC inamandla abalaseleyo okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane. Ingabulala kwaye ithintele iintsholongwane ezinegram, iintsholongwane ezinegram, iifungi, i-algae kunye neentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezigqunywe yi-DDAC. Isakhiwo se-molecule esine-double-chain ye-DDAC sinokufunxa ngokukhawuleza phezu kwe-microbial cell membranes, sitshabalalise isakhiwo se-cell membrane, sithintele imetabolism ye-microbial kunye nokuzala, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kwe-sterilization kuphezulu kakhulu kunokwemveliso ye-quaternary ammonium yendabuko ene-single-chain.

Kwiimeko zonyango lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso, i-DDAC inokuphelisa ngempumelelo i-legionella, iibhaktheriya ezinciphisa i-sulfate kunye nezinye iintsholongwane eziyingozi kwimibhobho yamanzi ajikelezayo kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa. Inkqubo edibeneyo equlethe i-20ppm DDAC inokufikelela kwisantya sokubulala iintsholongwane esingaphezulu kwe-99.99% kwaye igcine isiphumo se-bacteriostatic esiqhubekayo seeyure ezingama-48. Okwangoku, i-50ppm DDAC inokususa ngokufanelekileyo i-biofilm eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwemibhobho yemizi-mveliso, inciphise ubukhulu be-biofilm nge-92% kwaye isombulule iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zoshishino zokwanda kweentsholongwane kunye nokuvaleka kodaka lwemibhobho.

Okwesibini, i-DDAC ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokulwa nokugqwala kunye nokubola. Ingathatha indawo yee-arhente zemveli zokulwa nokugqwala ezine-arsenic ephezulu kunye ne-chromium. I-DDAC ingasetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lokulwa nokugqwala kweenkuni, iingubo kunye ne-pulp, ithintela ngempumelelo ukugqwala kweebhaktheriya zokubola kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezinto, ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-EU EN 350.

Ukongeza, i-DDAC inomsebenzi omhle womphezulu, ukuthamba kunye neempawu zokungashukumi. I-DDAC inokufunxwa kumphezulu weefayibha kunye nezinto ze-resin ukunciphisa i-friction coefficient kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-static, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesithambisi kunye ne-antistatic agent kwishishini lempahla ekhanyayo.

Ngaphezu koko, i-DDAC inokuhambelana okuqinileyo, okunokuhlanganiswa neendidi ezahlukeneyo ze-non-ionic kunye ne-cationic auxiliaries ukuphucula ngokudibeneyo ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nemiphumo yokulwa nokugqwala. Inkqubo ye-DDAC edibeneyo inokusebenza okuzinzileyo ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa kunye nokusilela, nto leyo eyandisa ngakumbi umda wokusetyenziswa kwe-DDAC.

Ⅲ. Amathuba okufaka isicelo

Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwendalo kwihlabathi liphela, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zempilo yoluntu kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso yemizi-mveliso, imfuno yemarike yezinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, ezinobungozi obuphantsi kwaye ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nezixhobo ezilwa nokugqwala ikhula ngokuthe chu. Njengemveliso eqhelekileyo ye-quaternary ammonium eluhlaza nesebenzayo,I-DDACineethuba ezibanzi kakhulu zokusetyenziswa kwemarike.

Kwicandelo lokunyanga amanzi kwimizi-mveliso, i-DDAC isebenza njengearhente eyintloko yokubulala iintsholongwane kunye ne-algaecide yokujikeleza amanzi, unyango lwamanzi olubuyela umva kunye neenkqubo zamanzi zokufaka i-oyile. I-DDAC inokucoca umgangatho wamanzi, ithintele ukukhula kweentsholongwane, ikhusele izixhobo zemibhobho yemizi-mveliso, inciphise ukugqwala kwezixhobo kunye neendleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwazo, kwaye eli candelo liye laba yimakethi ephambili yesicelo se-DDAC.

Kwicandelo lokubulala iintsholongwane kwimpilo yoluntu, i-DDAC ifanelekile ukubulala iintsholongwane mihla le kwiindawo ezibandayo, iinkqubo zomoya opholileyo, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, izixhobo zonyango kunye neendawo zokusebenzela zokulungisa ukutya. I-DDAC iyakwazi ukuguquguquka kubushushu obuphantsi, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kokubulala iintsholongwane kuhlala kuzinzile kwiimeko zokubulala iintsholongwane ezisebenzisa atom kubushushu obuphantsi, ihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokhuseleko oluqhelekileyo lwempilo yoluntu.

Kwimimandla yezolimo, amahlathi kunye nezixhobo zokwakha, i-DDAC ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwangaphambi kokuba imbewu yezityalo itshalwe ukuze kuthintelwe izifo zefungus ezithwalwa ngumhlaba kwaye kuphuculwe izinga lokuhluma kwezityalo kunye nezinga lokusinda. Okwangoku,I-DDACzinokuthatha indawo yeearhente zemveli ezingcolisekileyo kakhulu njengeearhente ezichasene nokugqwala kunye nezingangenisi ukungunda kwiinkuni, izixhobo zebamboo kunye neengubo, zikhuthaza ukuphuculwa okuluhlaza kwishishini lezixhobo zokwakha.

Kwishishini lempahla ekhaphukhaphu, elixhomekeke ekuthambiseni, ekungashukumiyo nasekungashukumiyo kweenundu, i-DDAC isetyenziswa ekugqibeni impahla ukuze kuphuculwe ukuvakala kwelaphu, kuncitshiswe ukufunxwa okungashukumiyo kunye nokonakala kweenundu, kwaye kuphuculwe umgangatho wemveliso.

Kwi-aquaculture, i-DDAC ingabulala iintsholongwane kumaqanda eentlanzi kunye neendawo zamanzi ezifuywayo, ithintele ngempumelelo izifo eziqhelekileyo zasemanzini ezifana ne-saprolegniasis kwaye izinzise imeko-bume ye-aquaculture. Okwangoku, amashishini ahlukeneyo abeke phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokhuseleko, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nefuthe lexesha elide leemveliso zokubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye iiarhente zemveli ezinetyhefu ephezulu kunye neentsalela eziphezulu ziyancitshiswa kancinci kancinci.

Iingenelo ze-DDAC ezifana netyhefu ephantsi, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neenkcukacha eziguquguqukayo ziya zisanda. I-80% yomxholo we-DDAC ihlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kweshishini, kwaye i-50% yomxholo we-DDAC eyenzelwe wena iyaziqhelanisa neemeko zomsebenzi woluntu kunye nowezinto ezilula. Inkqubo ye-DDAC yokuchazwa kabini igubungela ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zemarike. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwamandla amatsha, izixhobo ezintsha kunye namashishini ezempilo yoluntu, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-DDAC ziya kwandiswa ngakumbi, kwaye ukungena kwimarike kuya kuqhubeka nokwanda.

Ⅳ. Isiphelo

Ukuququmbela,I-Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC)imele isiseko setekhnoloji yanamhlanje yokubulala iintsholongwane. Ngokusebenzisa amazinga ayo amabini aqhelekileyo (80% kunye ne-50%), i-DDAC inika ukuguquguquka kokubini ukwenziwa kwemveliso enzima kunye nococeko oluthe ngqo. Indlela eyahlukileyo yokuphazamisa i-membrane ye-DDAC iqinisekisa ukususwa okuthembekileyo kwezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiikhemikhali ezirhabaxa. Njengoko imigangatho yempilo yoluntu iqhubeka nokunyuka kwihlabathi liphela, indima ye-DDAC iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili kukhuseleko lokutya, unyango lwamanzi, kunye nococeko lweziko. Abavelisi kunye neengcali zococeko bayaqhubeka nokufumanisa izicelo ezintsha ze-DDAC, beqinisa imeko yayo njenge-asethi yeekhemikhali eyimfuneko kwixesha elizayo.