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Ukusuka kwiipropati zeekhemikhali ukuya kwimigaqo yokusebenza: Ukuqonda i-1-methylcyclopropene

1-Methylcyclopropene(Inombolo ye-CAS 3100-04-7, efinyeziweyo njenge-1-MCP). Ngokwembono yeekhemikhali, i-1-MCP yi-compound encinci ye-olefin ejikelezayo ebonakala njengegesi engenambala kubushushu begumbi. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweemolekyuli lulula kodwa lunomsebenzi okhethekileyo webhayoloji - lunoku "vimba" ngokuchanekileyo ukudluliselwa kwemiqondiso ye-ethylene kwizityalo.

I-ethylene isebenza "njengomlawuli wokuvuthwa" weziqhamo nemifuno, ikhawulezisa ukuthamba kwazo, ukutshintsha kombala kunye nokubola. Ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli ye-1-MCP lufana kakhulu nolwe-ethylene kwaye lunokubopha kwi-ethylene receptors kumphezulu weeseli zezityalo kwangaphambili, lwenze "imeko ezinzileyo yokuvalelwa". Olu dibaniso lufana nokubeka "isigcina-ntloko sokhuseleko" kwi-ethylene receptor, luthintele i-ethylene yokwenyani ekudluliseni imiqondiso yokuvuthwa kwaye ngaloo ndlela kulibazise inkqubo emva kokuvuthwa kweziqhamo nemifuno.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP inophawu "lokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye nomthamo ophantsi". Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-0.1 ukuya kwi-1 microliter kuphela ngelitha nganye lunokuvelisa isiphumo esibalulekileyo sokugcina iziqhamo kunye nemifuno emininzi. Ngaphezu koko, ibola lula kwindawo yendalo kwaye ayizukuhlala emhlabeni okanye emanzini ixesha elide, nto leyo ehlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lwezolimo oluluhlaza. Okwangoku, amazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kunye nemimandla kwihlabathi liphela ivumile ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwicandelo lezolimo. I-China ikwayifakile kudidi lwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo abavunyelweyo ukusetyenziswa kwi-"Food Additive Use Standard".

Iguquguqukayo: "Umgcini wobutsha" ukusuka ebaleni ukuya etafileni

Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, ukusetyenziswaUmgubo we-1-MCPzigubungele lonke uthotho lwemveliso yeziqhamo nemifuno, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nokuthengiswa, zibe “ngumlindi wolondolozo” obalulekileyo kuthotho lwemveliso yezolimo.

Inqanaba lokugcina: Yandisa ixesha lokuba mnandi kwaye unciphise ukulahleka

Ngaphambili, nokuba ii-apile bezigcinwa kwindawo ebandayo emva kokuvunwa, izinga leziqhamo ezilungileyo beliya kwehla liye kwi-70% emva kweenyanga ezimbini. Ngoku, ngonyango lwe-1-MCP, izinga leziqhamo ezilungileyo lisenokugcinwa likwi-92% emva kweenyanga ezi-4. Ngokwezibalo, emva kokuba i-1-Methylcyclopropene isetyenzisiwe kwiziqhamo ze-pectin ezifana nee-apile kunye neepere, ixesha eliphakathi lokugcina landiswa ngamaxesha ama-2 ukuya kwama-3, kwaye ilahleko yonyaka incitshiswa ngaphezulu kweetoni ezi-3 zezigidi.

Ikhonkco lezothutho: Yahlulahlula "imida yexesha nendawo" kwaye wandise umda wentengiso

Ngoncedo lwetekhnoloji ye-1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP, iimango zekoperati zingene ngempumelelo kwiimarike zasentla ezifana neHeilongjiang kunye neJilin, ngokonyuka kwentengiso yonyaka nge-40%. Kwicandelo lokuthumela ngaphandle, indima ye-methylcyclopropene ibaluleke ngakumbi. Xa iitsheri zaseTshayina zithunyelwa kumazwe aseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, emva konyango lwe-1-MCP, ixesha lokuhlala liyongezwa ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10, kwaye izinga lokukhula eliphakathi lomthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle liyi-25%.

Icandelo lokuthengisa: Gcina ubutsha kwaye uphucule amava abathengi

Xa kungena kwicandelo leziqhamo nemifuno kwivenkile enkulu, i-kiwifruit, ama-strawberry, ii-avokhado kunye nezinye iziqhamo ezikwiishelufu zonke ziphawulwe ngolu hlobo “Unyango lokulondolozwa kwe-1-MCP”.1-Methylcyclopropenezinobomi obuqhelekileyo bokuhlaliswa ezivenkileni obungadluli kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 kwaye zinokugcina incasa entle kunye nenkangeleko entle. Ayincitshiswanga nje kuphela inkunkuma, kodwa abathengi banokuthenga amaqunube amatsha, kwaye izinga lokuthengwa kwakhona linyuke nge-18%.

Ikamva liyathembisa: Ubuchule bobuchwephesha bandisa imida yesicelo

Ngokuhambela phambili kophando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-1-MCP zisakhula rhoqo. Ukongeza kwiziqhamo nemifuno eqhelekileyo, ngoku isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwicandelo lokugcinwa kweentyatyambo. Le teknoloji ikhuthazwe kwiintlobo zeentyatyambo ezisikiweyo ezifana ne-carnations kunye nee-lilies, nto leyo enciphisa ngempumelelo ukulahleka kweentyatyambo ngexesha lokuthuthwa nokuthengiswa.

Okwangoku, ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa, eli shishini likwaqalise iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ze-1-MCP. Ukongeza kwiiarhente zemveli zokukhupha igesi, iimveliso eziqinileyo ezikhutshwayo nezizinzileyo kunye neethebhulethi ziye zaba yinto ephambili kwimarike. Ezi mveliso azifuni zixhobo zobungcali, kwaye abalimi banokuzisebenzisa ngokulula ekhaya.

1-Methylcyclopropeneayisiyonto yokugcina kuphela kodwa ikwayiyo "inkxaso yetekhnoloji" yokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezolimo olusemgangathweni ophezulu. Kwixesha elizayo, ukukhuthazwa kwetekhnoloji yesicelo se-1-MCP kuya kuqiniswa ngakumbi, kukhokela amashishini ukuba ayisebenzise ngendlela emiselweyo, ukuze le "teknoloji yokugcina" ikwazi ukunceda ngcono ukunyuka kwengeniso yabalimi, iingenelo zabathengi kunye nokuphuculwa konxibelelwano lokubonelela ngemveliso yezolimo.

Ingaba i-1-methylcyclopropene ikhuselekile?

I-1-methylcyclopropene yikhowudi yokugcina enobungozi obuphantsi kwaye isebenza kakuhle kakhulu. I-methylcyclopropene yi-olefin encinci ejikelezayo eyigesi engenambala kubushushu begumbi. Indlela yayo yokusebenza iphambili "ekuvaleni imiqondiso ye-ethylene". Idatha yobugcisa ibonisa ukuba i-ethylene, njenge-"hormone yokuvuthwa" kwizityalo, inokukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa nokuthamba kweziqhamo nemifuno emva kokuvuthwa. I-1-MCP inokubopha kwi-ethylene receptors kuqala kwaye ivale iindawo ixesha elide, ithintele inkqubo yokuvuthwa evela kumthombo, enokwandisa ubomi beshelufu beziqhamo nemifuno ngama-50% ukuya kuma-200%.

Okubaluleke ngakumbi yidatha yayo yokhuseleko: ubuthi obubukhali bomlomo kunye nobolwelwesi lwesikhumba i-LD50 bungaphezulu kwe-5000mg/kg, bufikelela kumgangatho wodidi "ongenabungozi". Ixabiso le-ADI (ukutya okwamkelekileyo imihla ngemihla) yi-0.0009mg/kg yobunzima bomzimba. I-1-Methylcyclopropene ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kuquka iTshayina, iMelika kunye neYurophu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba intsalela ye-1-MCP kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno iphantsi kakhulu kwaye ibola ngokulula. Xa isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ayibeki mngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu.

U-Unilong yingcaliAbaboneleli be-1-methylcyclopropene. Ubunyulu bomgubo we-1-mcp esiwuvelisayo bunokufikelela kwi-3.7%. Kuyaziwa ukuba umgangatho woshishino wobunyulu be-1-mcp yi-3.3%. Okwangoku, singabonelela ngeedosi ezincinci kunye neepakethe ezincinci ze-0.035%. I-1-MCP yimolekyuli yegesi esetyenziswa kwiishelufu zeevenkile ezinkulu okanye kwiibhokisi zeziqhamo. Emva kokucutshungulwa, iya kunyamalala ngokupheleleyo kwaye ingashiyi ntsalela yeekhemikhali kwiimveliso.​​​​​